Chickadee songs from the Pacific Northwest and elsewhere.

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1.  Black-capped Chickadee Song
Black-capped Song from Eugene, Oregon. This is one of numerous song-types found west of the Cascades in Oregon and Washington, north to Everett, and south to at least Pt. Orford and the Rogue Valley. All these song-types are typical chickadee whistles, but the "hey-sweetie" of the continental populations is absent or very rare in this area. Interestingly, the area in which "hey-sweetie" is not sung is, approximately, the range of one of the subspecies of Black-capped Chickadee, Poecile atricapillus occidentalis called "Oregon Chickadee" by some. According to Susan Smith in The Black-capped Chickadee, (1991, Cornell Univ. Press) the range of this subspecies extends up into southwestern British Columbia, where "hey-sweetie" is sung. Lane County, Oregon; 04-05-2002.


2.  Black-capped Chickadee Song
"Continental" form of the Black-capped Chickadee song. Transliterates nicely as "hey-sweetie." "Sweetie" captures the extremely brief break in the second note. Notice the brief indentation in the blue graph of loudness at the top of the figure. Black-capped Chickadees from the Atlantic to the Pacific sing this song-type and no other. The exceptions are in three places: Martha's Vineyard, Mass.; Alaska; and west of the Cascades in Washington and Oregon. Donald Kroodsma gives an engaging account of his research into this pattern in The Singing Life of Birds (2005, Houghton Mifflin). He says this is the song-type used in eastern Washington and eastern Oregon. I have recorded this song-type near Bellingham, Washington. Boulder County, Colorado; 06-07-1985.


3.  Mountain Chickadee Song
A Mountain Chickadee song from Klamath County, central Oregon. Very similar to the song above, by a Black-cap, but notice the distinct break between the final two notes. Klamath County, Oregon; 04-11-2002.


4.  Mountain Chickadee Song
A Mountain Chickadee song from central New Mexico, in the Sandia Mountains east of Albuquerque. This dialect has the longest song I know from Mountains, but if you take out the short notes, it is very similar to the one above, from Oregon. Bernalillo County, New Mexico; 04-15-1984.


5.  Black-capped Chickadee Song
This looks like the "Continental" form of the Black-capped Chickadee song, but it sounds very buzzy. This bird was recorded at Wood River Wetland, Klamath County, Oregon, on 28 April 2011. His tail feathers are bent, so he can probably be identified individually until he molts this summer. (I saw a "bent- tail" bird there in March 2011.)

Is this sound a "mistake" or an "innovation" that has caught on locally? In other words, is this variation paying off for "Bent-tail?" He does have a mate. I wonder if other black-caps in the immediate area, if there are any, use this variant song. Is is distributed all around the Klamath Basin? I hope birders will get out in the field and do the listening or recording that will answer this question. If you do, write me: mccalluma at appliedbioacoustics.com.

This is the most unusual-sounding chickadee song I've ever encountered, but it's not hard to explain. Birds can convert a pure whistle into a buzz easily, by modulating the sound made by one side of the syrinx with a second sound made by the other. I discussed this in Birding, volume 46 (2010), number 4. See Figure 11 on page 61. This sonogram has the same frequency resolution as those of the typical songs shown on this page. You can see on it that the buzz ends before the end of the second note, which sounds like a normal black-cap whistle when it is extracted from the buzzy part.

A buzzy song like this is highly unusual for the Black-capped and Mountain Chickadees, and for several others that sing with pure whistles, but buzzes are used in other chickadee vocalizations. In fact, one might ask, "Why don't we hear this more often?" Klamath County, Oregon; 04-28-2011.



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